Identificación de la ingesta de azúcares en la dieta de niños mexicanos en edad preescolar / Identificação do consumo de açúcar na dieta das crianças mexicanas dos pré-escolares / Identification of sugar intake in the diet of Mexican preschool children

Introducción: El consumo incrementado de alimentos de alta densidad energética y la falta de actividad física han provocado un aumento de la obesidad infantil, presentando México una de las tasas más elevadas en América Latina. Objetivo: Identificar los principales alimentos que los padres de familia ofrecen a niños de edad preescolar en México, su frecuencia a la semana y la cantidad de azúcar añadida a la dieta. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Se aplicó la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (ENANUT), considerando sexo, edad y escolaridad de los padres, lugar de procedencia, alimentos ofrecidos a los niños incluyendo: leche y productos lácteos, frutas, verduras y alimentos industrializados. Se realizó estadística descriptiva resumida en frecuencias y porcentajes. La asociación de variables (consumo de azúcar y caries) se realizó mediante Chi2 de Pearson considerando p≤0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: n=98 encuestas. El 83,7% de los padres que respondieron fueron mujeres. El 37,8% se encontraba en edades entre los 36 y 40 años. La edad promedio de los niños fue de 4,4±0,76 años. El consumo de frutas y verduras se reportó de 5 a 6 veces a la semana, la fruta de consumo más frecuente fue el plátano y de las verduras la zanahoria. La comida rápida, cereales y dulces los consumen de 2 a 4 veces a la semana. Conclusiones: Esta encuesta indicó un aumento en el consumo de aguas frescas con azúcar y de jugos industrializados.

Introdução: O aumento do consumo de alimentos energéticos e a falta de atividade física têm causado um aumento da obesidade infantil, com o México apresentando uma das maiores taxas da América Latina. Objetivo: Identificar os principais alimentos que os pais oferecem às crianças pré-escolares no México, sua frequência semanal e a quantidade de açúcar adicionada à dieta. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal. Aplicou-se a pesquisa ENSANUT, considerando sexo, idade e escolaridade dos pais, procedência, alimentos oferecidos às crianças, incluindo leite e derivados, frutas, verduras e alimentos industrializados. Foram realizadas estatísticas descritivas resumidas em frequências e percentuais. A associação das variáveis (consumo de açúcar e cárie) foi realizada por meio do Pearson's Chi2 considerando p≤0,05 como estatisticamente significante. Resultado (n=98 pesquisas): 83,7% dos pais que responderam eram mulheres, 37,8% tinham entre 36 e 40 anos e a média de idade das crianças foi de 4,4±0,76 anos. O consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi relatado de 5 a 6 vezes na semana, tendo a banana como a fruta mais consumida e a banana e a cenoura dentre as hortaliças. Comida rápida, cereais e doces são consumidos 2 a 4 vezes por semana. Conclusões: Esta pesquisa indicou um aumento no consumo de água doce com açúcar e sucos industrializados.

Introduction: Increased consumption of energy dense food and the lack of physical activity have led to an increase in child obesity. Mexico ranks one of the highest rates in Latin America. Objective: Identify the main foods that parents offer to preschool children in Mexico. Frequency to the week and the quantity of added sugar to diet. Method: Descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional study. A poll ENSANUT was applied, considering, sex, age, parent's school grade, place of origin, foods offered to children, including milk and milk product, fruits and vegetables and processed food. Descriptive statistics summarized in frequencies and percentages were performed. The association of variables (sugar intake vs cavities) was done using Chi2 considering p≤0.05 as statistically significant. Results: n= 98 surveys. 83.7% of the parents who responded were women. 37.8% was between the ages of 36 and 40. The average age of the children was 4.4±0.76 years. Fruit and vegetable consumption was reported 5-6 times a week, banana was the fruit more frequent consumption and the carrot of the vegetable. The fast food, cereal and candies were consumed 2-4 times a week. Conclusions: This survey indicated an increase in the consumption of fresh water with sugar and industrialized juices.

Desarrollo de una carne de hamburguesa de pechuga de pollo con adición de fibra y reducción de grasa / The Development of Hamburger Meat Made with Chicken Breast, Added Fiber and Reduced Fat

Resumen Antecedentes: la asociación del alto consumo de carnes rojas procesadas con el cáncer colorrectal hace que los consumidores empiecen a demandar productos cárnicos con un perfil nutricional mejorado. Objetivo: diseñar una carne de hamburguesa comercializable, a base de pechuga de pollo, fuente de fibra y baja en grasa con buena aceptación por los consumidores. Materiales y métodos: con base en una formulación estándar de hamburguesa, se hicieron tres formulaciones con adición de fibra como reemplazante de grasa: F1 contenía fibra de cidra (Sechium edule); F2, de zanahoria (Daucus carota); y F3, de inulina. Se calculó la composición nutricional teórica y se realizó una prueba de aceptación por consumidores con una escala de nueve puntos. Resultados: la formulación más aceptada y con mayor contenido de fibra fue la que contenía inulina, con un puntaje de 7,7±1,4 y diferencias significativas, según la prueba T3 de Dunett, con las formulaciones F2 (p=0,001) y F1 (p=0,000), cuyos promedios de aceptación fueron similares: 6,0±2,5 puntos para F2 y 5,9±2,2 para F1 (p=0,931). Las formulaciones con fibra contenían menos grasa y calorías que la formulación control. Conclusión: es posible lograr derivados cárnicos con reducción del contenido de grasa y aporte de fibra sensorialmente aceptados.

Abstract Background: The association between increased consumption of processed red meat and colorectal cancer has driven the demand for meat products with improved nutritional profiles. Objective: To design commercialized hamburger meat that contains chicken breast as the base, fiber, reduced fat, and is accepted by consumers. Materials and Methods: Three formulations were created with a standard hamburger base and additional fiber as a fat replacement: F1 contained fiber from citron (Sechium edule); F2, from carrots (Daucus carota); and F3 from inulin. The theoretical nutritional composition was calculated and a consumer acceptance test was performed on a scale of nine points. Results: The most accepted formulation by consumers with the highest fiber content was the hamburger containing inulin, rated at 7.7±1.4 points. According to the Dunett T3 test, significant differences were reached by F1 (p=0.000) and F2 (p=0.001). They also had similar acceptance averages: F1 (5.9±2.2 points; p=0,000) and F2 (6.0±2.5 points; p=0.001) (p=0.931). The formulations containing added fiber were lowest in fat and calories when compared to the control formulation. Conclusion: It is possible to achieve meat derivatives with reduced fat and added fiber that are sensorily accepted by consumers.

Yield and phosphorus use efficiency of carrot cultivars

Phosphate fertilization is indispensable for carrot cultivation, as it contributes to plant development, formation of marketable roots and higher yields. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production and nutritional efficiency of carrot cultivars under phosphate fertilization. The experiments were carried out from July to November 2016 and from June to October 2017, at the Rafael Fernandes experimental farm, District of Alagoinha, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 4×4 factorial scheme with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of carrot cultivars (Brasília, Planalto, Suprema and Nativa) with phosphorus (P) doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg ha-1 P2O5). The characteristics analyzed were: P content in the diagnostic leaf, plant dry matter, plant height, marketable and total yields, and the classification of cultivars for efficiency and response to phosphate fertilization. The increments promoted by phosphate fertilization were 64% in plant height, 444% in dry matter and 284% in marketable yield. The maximum marketable yield was obtained with doses from 186.8 to 243.5 kg ha-1, depending on the cultivar. The Native cultivar was classified as more efficient in the use of P.

Genetic parameters estimate for plant characters of a particular carrot population in two different agroecologic cultivation systems / Parâmetros genéticos estimados para caracteres de planta de uma população particular de cenoura em dois sistemas de cultivo agroecológico diferentes

Carrots are among the most planted vegetables in Brazil, which represents importance in the national market. This crop can be grown in conventional and agroecological systems, and studies to improve productivity, disease resistance and root quality in agroecological cropping systems are important. The aim of the present work was to estimate genetic parameters that provide a breeding strategy in the search for the development of new varieties of carrot adapted to the conditions of Distrito Federal's agroecology cultivation. Considering data from tests performed in areas of agroecology cultivation (Natural Agriculture-NA and Organic Agriculture-OA), the following characteristics were evaluated: incidence of leaf blight-LB, incidence of root cracking-CRACK, root length-COMP, format of root tip-TP, format of root shoulder-TO, measure of the color of the a* xylem parameter-a*X, measure of the color of the a* phloem parameter-a*F. Traits were evaluated in 100 half-sib progenies derived from Brasília cultivar, using a completely randomized block design. For the characters COMP, a*X, a*F, TP and TO, the treatment X environment interaction was significant according to the results from test F. The values of the individual variance analyses presented significant effect for the following characteristics: COMP, a*X, TP, TO, LB for NA system, and COMP, a*X, a*F, TP for OA system. In NA system, the values of heritability estimates-ha² for the plant characters fluctuated from 65.66 to 25.52% and, in the OA system, the ha² of the characters a*X, was 81.13%. Estimates of genetic gain per cycle for the characters a*X and a*F were lower in NA system than the estimates observed in OA system.

A cenoura está entre as hortaliças mais plantadas no Brasil, o que representa importância no mercado nacional. Essa cultura pode ser cultivada em sistemas convencionais e agroecológicos, sendo importante o desenvolvimento de estudos para melhorar características de produtividade, resistência a doenças e qualidade de raiz em sistemas com base agroecológica de cultivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos que fornecem uma estratégia de melhoramento na busca pelo desenvolvimento de novas variedades de cenoura adaptadas às condições do cultivo agroecológico do Distrito Federal. Considerando dados de testes realizados em áreas de cultivo agroecológico (Agricultura Natural - NA e Agricultura Orgânica - OA), foram avaliadas as seguintes características: incidência de queima das folhas - LB, incidência de rachadura radicular - RACH, comprimento de raiz - COMP, formato de raiz -TP, formato do ombro -TO, medida da cor do parâmetro a * do xilema ­ a*X, medida da cor do parâmetro a *do floema ­ a*F. As características foram avaliadas em 100 progênies de meios-irmãos derivadas da cultivar Brasília, usando um delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados. Para os caracteres COMP, a*X, a*F, TP e TO, a interação tratamento X ambiente foi significativa de acordo com os resultados do teste F. Os valores das análises de variância individuais apresentaram efeito significativo para as seguintes características: COMP, a*X, TP, TO, LB para o sistema NA e COMP, a*X, um a*F, TP para o sistema OA. No sistema NA, os valores de estimativa de herdabilidade - ha² para os caracteres da planta variaram de 65,66 a 25,52% e, no sistema OA, o ha² da característica a*X foi de 81,13%. As estimativas de ganho genético por ciclo para os caracteres a*X e a*F foram menores no sistema NA do que as estimativas observadas no sistema OA.

Caracterização química de farinha de cenoura e cenoura in natura com casca / Chemical characterization of carrot flour in natura with nuts

A cenoura é uma hortaliça bastante utilizada pela indústria alimentícia. Possui carotenoide, o qual desempenha um importante papel como potente antioxidante. Afim de se evitar desperdício e garantir maior vida de prateleira, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar quimicamente farinha de cenoura e cenoura in natura, ambas com casca. As cenouras foram trituradas e congeladas a -18 °C. Parte da amostra foi secada em câmara climática a 60 °C por 45h, em seguida, a cenoura in natura e a farinha de cenoura foram submetidas a análises químicas e físico-químicas. A análise do teor de água mostrou que a farinha de cenoura está de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela Legislação Brasileira. A cenoura após secagem, apresentou concentração quanto aos níveis de proteínas, fibras, carotenoides e polifenóis totais em relação a cenoura in natura.

Drought tolerance of four vegetable crops during germination and initial seedling growth / Tolerância de quatro espécies de hortaliças ao déficit hídrico durante a germinação e crescimento inicial das plântulas

Seeds of arugula (Eruca sativa Miller, cv. Cultivada), carrot (Daucus carota L., cv. Nantes), eggplant (Solanum melongena L., cv. Embú) and watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai cv. Crimson Sweet] were submitted to different osmotic potentials induced by polyethylene glycol(PEG) with the objective of evaluate the effects of drought stress on seed germination and initial seedling growth. Seeds were distributed in plastic boxes containing blotter paper, soaked with PEG solutions prepared with osmotic potentials 0.0 (control), ­0.2, ­0.4, and ­0.8 MPa and kept into a seed germinator, at 25 °C for 14 days. A completely randomized design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with four replicates of 50 seeds each was used. The results showed that by increasing of the osmotic potential level, germinated seeds number, germination rate index, root and shoot length, shoot and root dry matter, and seedling vigor indices decreased, while mean germination time and root: shoot ratio increased in all four vegetable crops. Additionally, the carrot and watermelon are more susceptible than arugula and eggplant to drought stress, with germination response declining more rapidly with the rise of osmotic potential level. Arugula and eggplant crops tolerate water stress of up to ­0.2 MPa, without reducing germination of the seeds; however, the growth of shoots and roots are inhibited. The germination process of eggplant and watermelon seeds are completely inhibited at ­0.8 MPa osmotic potential, whereas germination of carrot seeds is completely inhibited at ­0.4 MPa osmotic potential. Severe drought stress limits the process of seed germination and initial seedling growth of vegetable crops.

Sementes de rúcula (Eruca sativa Miller, cv. Cultivada), cenoura (Daucus carota L., cv. Nantes), berinjela (Solanum melongena L., cv. Embú) e melancia [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai cv. Crimson Sweet] foram submetidas a diferentes potenciais osmóticos simulados com polietileno glicol (PEG 6000) com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico na germinação e no crescimento inicial das plântulas. As sementes foram distribuídas em caixas plásticas tipo Gerbox® contendo papel mata-borrão, o qual foi umedecido com diferentes soluções de PEG preparadas com quatro níveis de potenciais osmótico [0 (controle); ­0,2; ­0,4; e ­0,8 MPa]. As caixas plásticas foram então mantidas em câmara de germinação à 25 °C por 14 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, com quatro repetições de 50 sementes cada. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do nível de potencial osmótico da solução reduziu a porcentagem de germinação das sementes, o índice de velocidade de germinação, o comprimentos da parte aérea e da raiz principal, a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e das raízes e os índices de vigor das plântulas, enquanto que o tempo médio de germinação e a relação entre a matéria seca da raiz/parte aérea aumentou em todas as quatro espécies de hortaliças. As culturas de cenoura e melancia são mais susceptível que a rúcula e a berinjela ao estresse hídrico, com resposta de germinação declinando mais rapidamente com o aumento do nível de potencial osmótico. A rúcula e a berinjela toleram estresse hídrico de até ­0,2 MPa, sem reduzir o processo de germinação das sementes; no entanto, o crescimento da parte aérea e das raízes são inibidos. O processo de germinação das sementes de berinjela e melancia são completamente inibidos em potencial osmótico de ­0.8 MPa, ao passo que a germinação das sementes de cenoura é completamente inibida em potencial osmótico de ­0.4 MPa. O estresse hídrico severo limita o processo de germinação das sementes e crescimento inicial de plântulas das quatro espécies de hortaliças.

Agronomic performance of carrot fertilized with roostertree [Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. BR.] in two growing seasons / Desempenho agronômico da cenoura adubada com flor-de-seda [Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. BR.] em duas épocas de cultivo

Because vegetables have a fast production cycle, they require fertilization in quantities and at ideal times to obtain maximum productivity, and green manure is an alternative practice to the use of mineral fertilizers. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different amounts of roostertree [Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.] biomass and its incorporation times in two growing seasons, in the agronomic performance of carrots. The experiment was conducted on an experimental farm at the Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) in the autumn-winter period (March-July 2012) and the spring-summer period (September-December 2012). The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial 4 x 4 design; the first factor consists of four amounts of roostertree biomass (5.4, 8.8, 12.2 and 15.6 t ha-1 on a dry basis), and the second factor consists of four times of incorporation of this manure into the soil (0, 10, 20 and 30 days before sowing the carrots). The carrot cultivar used was Brasília. The following traits were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, root dry mass, total and commercial yield of roots. The best agronomic performance of carrot cultivar Brasília was found with the amount of roostertree biomass of 15.6 t ha-1, in the time of incorporation into the soil of 10 days before seeding. The cultivation in the autumn-winter showed higher total and commercial productivities of carrot roots fertilized with roostertree.

As hortaliças, por possuírem ciclo rápido de produção, demandam adubações em quantidades e momentos ideais para a obtenção da máxima produtividade, sendo a adubação verde uma prática alternativa ao uso de fertilizantes minerais. O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda [Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.] e seus tempos de incorporação, em duas épocas de cultivo, no desempenho agronômico da cenoura. O experimento foi conduzido em campo experimental pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), nos períodos outono-inverno (março a julho de 2012) e primavera-verão (setembro a dezembro de 2012). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com o primeiro fator constituído por quatro quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda (5,4; 8,8; 12,2 e 15,6 t ha-1 em base seca), e o segundo fator, por quatro tempos de incorporação ao solo deste adubo (0, 10, 20 e 30 dias antes da semeadura da cenoura - DAS). A cultivar de cenoura utilizada foi a Brasília. Foram avaliados a altura de plantas, número de folhas por planta, massa seca de raízes, produtividades total e comercial de raízes. O melhor desempenho agronômico da cenoura cv. Brasília foi obtido com a quantidade de flor-deseda de 15,6 t ha-1, no tempo de incorporação ao solo de 10 dias antes da semeadura. O cultivo no outono-inverno promoveu maiores produtividades total e comercial às raízes de cenoura adubada com flor-de-seda.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Conditions on Crop Plant Growth

We investigated the effects on various crops of inoculation with species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soils from different sources and selected AMF species suitable for domestic environment-friendly farming. Effects on plants varied with the AMF species used. In carrot, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora longula, and Funneliformis mosseae had a positive effect on growth of the host, whereas AMF had only weak effects on the growth of red pepper and leek. AMF inoculation had positive effects on the growth of carrot and sorghum. The results of this study indicate the nature of the relationship between soil, plants, and AMF; this study therefore has important implications for the future use of AMF in environment-friendly agriculture.

Quality Characteristics of Care Food (Jelly) Prepared with Wild Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Juice

This study evaluated the quality characteristics of jelly prepared with different levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) of wild carrot (WC, Daucus carota L.) juice as a care food for the elderly. The lightness, redness, yellowness, and delta (Δ) values of the jelly (Control, WCJ5, WCJ10, WCJ15, WCJ20, and WCJ25) decreased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The mechanical properties, such as hardness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess, of the jelly were decreased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents of the jelly increased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50) also increased with increasing amounts of wild carrot juice added. The α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of wild carrot (WC) and WCJ25 were 71% and 54.4%, respectively, compared to the positive control (acarbose). The lipase inhibitory effects of WC and WCJ25 were 44.2% and 14.4%, respectively, compared to the positive control group (orlistat). On the other hand, the sensory evaluation score was the best at WCJ20, which contained 20% wild carrot juice. In conclusion, WCJ20 or WCJ25 is expected to be a care food for the elderly with respect to texture as well as the antioxidant and enzymatic activity (α-glucosidase inhibitory and lipase inhibitory activities).

Análisis del tiempo de vida útil en la elaboración de mermelada de higuerón (Cucúrbita Odorífera Vell) con zanahoria (Daucus Carota) / Time analysis of life in the development of marmalade higuerón (Cucurbita Odorifera Vell) with carrot (Daucus Carota)

The aim of this study was to determine the lifespan in making jam by higueron and carrot mixture, motivated by the lack of a number of species of tubers and vegetables, as evidenced by the low consumption of these foods and the lack of appropriate technology for processing the same. The two raw materials are high in vitamins and minerals, higueron suitable for their characteristics and chemical composition is considered a fruit-vegetable, it is possible it industrialization similar to those made with fruits, like the carrot is a food products excellent from the nutritional point of view, contributing to improve the quality of the jam. The treatments were kept under ambient conditions for 40 days when pH were recorded - soluble solids (° Brix) - Heartburn - Microbiological and organoleptic analysis in order to identify the best experimental treatment tests. According to the results obtained and microbiological analysis establishes a lifetime about 6 months.

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el tiempo de vida útil en la elaboración de mermelada mediante una mezcla higuerón y zanahoria, motivado por el desconocimiento de un sinnúmero de especies de tubérculos y hortalizas, evidenciado por el bajo consumo de estos alimentos y la carencia de tecnología adecuada para el procesamiento del mismo y aprovechamiento de sus nutrientes. Las dos materias primas de alto contenido de vitaminas y minerales; el higuerón se considera como fruta-hortaliza por sus características y composición química, siendo posible la industrialización en productos semejantes a los elaborados con las frutas. La zanahoria es un alimento excelente desde el punto de vista nutricional por lo que aporta al mejoramiento de la calidad de la mermelada. Los tratamientos se mantuvieron bajo condiciones ambientales durante 40 días en los que se registró pH - sólidos solubles (°Brix) - acidez - análisis microbiológicos y pruebas organolépticas con la finalidad de identificar el mejor tratamiento experimental. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos y al análisis microbiológico se establece un tiempo de vida útil alrededor de 6 meses.

Investigation of the antioxidant activity and quantification of the amount of heavy Metals and some vitamins in carrot

Background: Carrot is a root vegetable from the Umbelliferae family. It is a biennial plant grown for their edible root. Carrots are a good source of carbohydrates and minerals like Calcium, Phosphorus, Iron and Magnesium and may contain toxic amounts of metals as a result of run off effects. It is also rich in carotene, niacin, riboflavin, thiamine and vitamin C.Objectives: To determine the amounts of toxic heavy metals, quantify the amounts of vitamins A and E and investigate the antioxidant activities of Carrot.Method: The research investigated the antioxidant properties of carrot on the basis of the radical scavenging activity on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl), heavy metal analysis were carried out using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while analysis of vitamins was done using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography).Result: The carrot sample analyzed contained considerable amount of some toxic metals of interest (Cr 0.024, 0.105ppm; Cu 15.76, 30.95ppm; Fe 66.94, 103.95ppm; Zn 16.57, 44.22ppm; Pb 0.018, 0.021ppm) in the leaves and root respectively. The samples also contain a very good amount of the vitamin A (12.863, 44.977ppm) and Vitamin E (0.087, 0.22ppm) in leaves and root respectively. It also showed some antioxidant activity and test positive for most phytochemicals.Conclusion: The actual concentrations of the respective heavy metals found in two parts of the D. carota samples were within the threshold limit but there was slight variation in the amount present in the root D. carota as compared to its leaf. The root had more concentrations of the metals and this could be due to the fact that the root is more exposed to these metals during plant uptake

The effects of different polishing techniques on the staining resistance of CAD/CAM resin-ceramics

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the staining resistance of CAD/CAM resin-ceramics polished with different techniques and to determine the effectiveness of the polishing techniques on resin-ceramics, comparing it with that of a glazed glass-ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different CAD/CAM ceramics (feldspathic ceramic: C-CEREC Blocs, (SIRONA) and three resin-ceramics: L-Lava Ultimate, (3M ESPE), E-Enamic, (VITA) and CS-CeraSmart, (GC)) and one light cure composite resin: ME-Clearfil Majesty Esthetic (Kuraray) were used. Only C samples were glazed (gl). Other restorations were divided into four groups according to the polishing technique: nonpolished control group (c), a group polished with light cure liquid polish (Biscover LV BISCO) (bb), a group polished with ceramic polishing kit (Diapol, EVE) (cd), and a group polished with composite polishing kit (Clearfil Twist Dia, Kuraray) (kc). Glazed C samples and the polished samples were further divided into four subgroups and immersed into different solutions: distilled water, tea, coffee, and fermented black carrot juice. Eight samples (8 × 8 × 1 mm) were prepared for each subgroup. According to CIELab system, four color measurements were made: before immersion, immersion after 1 day, after 1 week, and after 1 month. Data were analyzed with repeated measures of ANOVA (α=.05). RESULTS: The highest staining resistance was found in gl samples. There was no difference among gl, kc and cd (P>.05). Staining resistance of gl was significantly higher than that of bb (P<.05). Staining resistances of E and CS were significantly higher than those of L and ME (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Ceramic and composite polishing kits can be used for resin ceramics as a counterpart of glazing procedure used for full ceramic materials. Liquid polish has limited indications for resin ceramics.

Estimated dietary intake of vitamin A in Korean adults: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007~2012 / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate dietary vitamin A intake and examine major food sources of vitamin A in Korean adults. METHODS: Using data from the 2007~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 33,069 subjects over 19-years-old were included in this study. We estimated individual daily intakes of retinol, carotenoids such as α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene, and vitamin A by linking food consumption data with the vitamin A database of commonly consumed foods. We compared individual vitamin A intakes with the reference value of Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans. RESULTS: Average dietary vitamin A intakes of study subjects were 864.3 µg retinol equivalent/day (495.7 µg retinol activity equivalent/day) in men and 715.0 µg retinol equivalent/day (403.6 µg retinol activity equivalent/day) in women. Exactly 42.9% and 70.6% of total subjects consumed less vitamin A than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) based on retinol equivalent and retinol activity equivalent, respectively. The major food sources of vitamin A were Korean radish leaves, carrot, red pepper, and laver, and the top 20 foods provided about 80% of total vitamin A intake. CONCLUSION: This study provides basic data for estimation of vitamin A intake in Korean adults. Further research will be needed to analyze the association of insufficient or excess intakes of vitamin A and health problems in the Korean population.

Effect of β-carotene on Cell Growth Inhibition of KB Human Oral Cancer Cells

β-carotene is present in carrots, pumpkins, and sweet potatoes. It suppresses many types of cancers by regulating cellular proliferation and apoptosis through a variety of mechanisms. However, the effects of β -carotene on oral cancer cells have not been clearly established. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of β-carotene on cell growth and apoptosis in oral cancer cells. Our results demonstrate that treatment with β-carotene induced inhibition of cell growth, and that the effect was dependent on β-carotene treatment time and concentration in KB cells. Furthermore, treatment with β-carotene induced nuclear condensation and fragmentation in KB cells. β-carotene promoted proteolytic cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, -8 and -9 with associated increases in the concentration of cleaved caspase-3, -7, -8 and -9. In addition, the level of cleaved PARP was increased by β-carotene treatment in KB cells. These results suggest that β-carotene can suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in KB human oral cancer cells, and that it may have potential usefulness in anti-cancer drug discovery efforts.

Efecto gastroprotector del jugo de zanahoria (Daucus carota), col (Brassica oleracea ) y papa (Solanum tuberosum) / Effects of carrot (Daucus carota), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) juices as gastric mucosal protections

INTRODUCCIÓN: a muchos vegetales se les reconocen acciones beneficiosas sobre el aparato digestivo. A la zanahoria (Daucus carota), la col (Brassica oleracea) y la papa (Solanum tuberosum) la población les atribuye acciones gastroprotectoras. Objetivo: Comprobar experimentalmente la acción gastroprotectora de los jugos de zanahoria, col y papa. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron ratas Sprague-Dawley machos de 190 ± 10 g como modelo biológico; las úlceras gástricas se produjeron con 1 mL de etanol absoluto por cada animal. Los 40 animales fueron distribuidos en cinco grupos de ocho. El grupo 1 fue el control, el 2, el control positivo (atropina 20 mg/Kg), el 3 fue tratado con el jugo de col, el 4 con el de zanahoria y el 5 con el de papa. Media hora antes de la inducción de la úlcera, se administraron los jugos a una dosis de 400 mg/Kg sobre la base de los sólidos totales. Los animales se sacrificaron una hora después de la inducción de las úlceras, las cuales fueron cuantificadas, y se midió el área dañada. RESULTADOS: con todos los jugos empleados, se observó una disminución significativa del área afectada cuando se comparó con el control; sin embargo, solo en el grupo al que se administró el jugo de col, la disminución no presentó significación estadística con relación al grupo control positivo, por lo que el efecto gastroprotector fue similar a él. CONCLUSIONES: los jugos de zanahoria y papa presentaron un moderado efecto gastroprotector, el cual resultó alto en el grupo tratado con jugo de col.

INTRODUCTION: many vegetables are known for their beneficial effects on digestive system. Population attributed the benefits of carrot (Daucus carota), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) as gastric mucosal protections. OBJECTIVE: to prove experimentally the action of carrot (Daucus carota), cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) juices as gastric mucosal protections. METHODS: sprague-Dawley male rats of 190 ± 10 g were used as biological models; ulcers were induced with 1 mL of absolute ethanol for each animal. Forty animals were distributed in five groups of eight. Group 1 was selected as control group, 2 as positive control (atropine 20 mg/Kg), 3 was treated with cabbage juice, 4 with carrot juice and 5 with potato juice. A half hour before the ulcer induction, all juices were administrated at a dose of 400 mg/Kg on the basis of total solids. Animals were sacrificed an hour after the ulcer inductions, ulcers were quantified, as well as, the damage area was measured. Results: a significant decrease of the affected area after using the juices was observed comparing to the control group; however, group which was given cabbage juice, did not show a significant statistical decrease in relation to the positive control group, that is why the effect as gastric mucosal protection was similar to it. CONCLUSIONS: carrot and potato juices had a moderated effect as gastric mucosal protections; on the other hand, group treated with cabbage did show a high effect on the digestive system.

Crescimento da cultura da cenoura após aplicações de resíduos de curtume e carboniferos no solo / Growth of carrot crop after application of tannery waste and coal mining in soil

Com a industrialização, a produção de resíduos tem aumentado durante os anos. Além disso, a disposição destes resíduos é uma posição discutida entre os órgãos ambientais. Em virtude disto, o objetivo foi estudar o efeito residual de adições sucessivas de resíduos de curtume e carboníferos sobre as propriedades químicas do solo e o acumulo de metais pesados nas plantas de cenoura. Os tratamentos aplicados a campo foram T1 = Controle, somente solo; T2 = Adubação com NPK + calcário para atingir pH 6,0; T3 = Lodo de curtume em quantidade adequada para atingir pH 6,0 + PK; T4 = Duas vezes a quantidade de lodo de curtume utilizada no tratamento 3 + PK; T5 = Resíduo carbonífero + NPK + calcário em quantidade adequada para atingir pH 6,0; T6 = Resíduo carbonífero + lodo de curtume em quantidade adequada para atingir pH 6,0 + PK; T7 = Serragem cromada + NPK + calcário em quantidade adequada para atingir pH 6,0; T8 = Cr mineral + lodo de curtume em quantidade adequada para atingir pH 6,0 + PK. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições por tratamento. A adição de cromo, tanto via mineral, quanto via resíduos não afetaram o crescimento da cenoura. Além disso, os teores encontrados na parte aérea, radicular, e córtex da raiz são considerados baixos, demonstrando um baixo potencial de contaminação destes resíduos.

With the industrialization, waste production has been increased over the years. Moreover, the disposition of these wastes is a position discussed among environmental agencies. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the residual effect of successive additions of tannery waste and coal on the chemical properties of the soil and the accumulation of heavy metals in carrot plants. The treatments were applied to field: T1 = Control, only solo; T2 = fertilization with NPK + lime to reach pH 6.0; T3 = tannery sludge in adequate quantity to achieve pH 6.0 + PK; T4 = Twice the amount tannery sludge used in treatment 3 + PK; T5 = waste coal + NPK + lime in adequate quantity to achieve pH 6.0; T6 = waste coal + tannery sludge in adequate quantity to achieve pH 6.0 + PK; T7 = Sawdust = chrome + NPK + lime in adequate quantity to reach pH 6.0; T8 = Cr + mineral tannery sludge in adequate quantity to achieve pH 6.0 + PK. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with three replicates per treatment. The results demonstrate that carrot plants grew normally in the treatments with high chromium concentrations, either addition with residues or mineral. Furthermore, the levels found in the shoots, roots and roots cortex were low, indicating a low potential of these waste contamination.

Removal of Rectal Foreign Bodies Using Tenaculum Forceps Under Endoscopic Assistance

The incidence of rectal foreign bodies is increasing by the day, though not as common as that of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Various methods for removal of foreign bodies have been reported. Removal during endoscopy using endoscopic devices is simple and safe, but if the foreign body is too large to be removed by this method, other methods are required. We report two cases of rectal foreign body removal by a relatively simple and inexpensive technique. A 42-year-old man with a vibrator in the rectum was admitted due to inability to remove it by himself and various endoscopic methods failed. Finally, the vibrator was removed successfully by using tenaculum forceps under endoscopic assistance. Similarly, a 59-year-old man with a carrot in the rectum was admitted. The carrot was removed easily by using the same method as that in the previous case. The use of tenaculum forceps under endoscopic guidance may be a useful method for removal of rectal foreign bodies.

Effect of Carrot Intake in the Prevention of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE: Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with the incidence and mortality being higher in men than in women. Various studies have shown that eating carrots may play a major role in the prevention of gastric cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the relationship between carrot consumption and gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Persian databases like Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedx. The following search terms were used: stomach or gastric, neoplasm or cancer, carcinoma or tumor, and carrot. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis/2.0 software. RESULTS: We retrieved 81 articles by searching the databases. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 articles were included in this study. The odds ratio (OR) obtained by fixed effects model showed that a 26% reduction in the risk of gastric cancer has been associated with the consumption of carrots) OR=0.74; 95% confidence interval=0.68~0.81; P<0.0001). According to funnel graph, the results showed that the possibility of a publication bias does not exist in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study showed an inverse relationship between the consumption of carrots and the risk of gastric cancer.